《植物生理学报》 2018, 54(3): 449-455

外源钙对‘黄金梨’叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响

周君, 肖伟, 陈修德, 高东升^*, 李玲^*

山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院, 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心, 山东泰安271018

通信作者：高东升；E-mail: dsgao@sdau.edu.cn, lilingsdau@163.com

摘　要：

以12年生‘黄金梨’ (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Whangkeumbae)为试材, 研究采前喷氨基酸钙和硝酸钙对‘黄金梨’叶片光合特性及品质的影响, 为‘黄金梨’合理补充钙素营养和提高果实品质提供理论依据及技术途径。结果表明: (1)在‘黄金梨’幼果期喷钙显著提高了叶片的光合效率, 其中氨基酸钙和硝酸钙处理的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)较对照提高了13.3%和8.3%, 净光合速率(P_n)提高了11.5%和7.3%, 蒸腾速率(T_r)提高了12.6%和7.8%, 气孔导度(G_s)提高了7.8%和6.2%, 光系统II (PSII)实际光化学效率(Φ_PSII)提高了9.8%和7.2%, 光化学淬灭系数(q_P)提高了11.6%和6.4%, PSII的天线转换效率(F_v′/F_m′)提高了4.6%和2.8%, PSII最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)提高了5.0%和4.2%; 以氨基酸钙处理的效果最好。(2)对于果实品质而言, 喷钙处理可以提高果实钙含量和硬度, 与对照相比, 氨基酸钙和硝酸钙处理的果实可溶性固形物含量提高了11.6%和6.2%, 糖酸比提高了49.9%和32.1%, 维生素C含量提高了25.7%和11.0%, 同时细胞壁水解酶(多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纤维素酶和β-半乳糖苷酶)的活性降低, 果实品质得到改善, 氨基酸钙处理效果优于硝酸钙。因此, 在幼果期喷钙(尤其是氨基酸钙)是‘黄金梨’果实补充钙素营养、提升叶片光合性能和改善果实品质的重要措施, 可在其生产中加以应用和推广。

关键词：钙; ‘黄金梨’; 光合特性; 品质

收稿：2017-11-24   修定：2018-03-02

资助：梨优质高效生产关键技术集成示范与推广项目(2014-BAD16B03-4)和山东省现代农业产业技术体系果品创新团队项目(SDAIT-06-01)。

Effect of exogenous calcium on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear

ZHOU Jun, XIAO Wei, CHEN Xiu-De, GAO Dong-Sheng^*, LI Ling^*

College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Taian, Shandong 271018, China

Corresponding author: GAO Dong-Sheng; E-mail: dsgao@sdau.edu.cn, lilingsdau@163.com

Abstract:

The effects of spraying calcium amino acid and calcium nitrate on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of 12 years old ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Whangkeumbae) tree before harvest were investigated to provide the theoretical basis and technological approach for adding calcium nutrient and improving fruit quality. The results show that: (1) photosynthetic efficiency was significantly increased after spraying calcium on ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear trees in young fruit period. SPAD, P_n, T_r, G_s, Φ_PSII, q_P, F_v′/F_m′ and F_v/F_m under treatment of calcium amino acid and calcium nitrate solutions were improved by 13.3% and 8.3%, 11.5% and 7.3%, 12.6% and 7.8%, 7.8% and 6.2%, 9.8% and 7.2%, 11.6% and 6.4%, 4.6% and 2.8%, 5.0% and 4.2%, respectively, higher than those of the control. The effect of amino acid calcium treatment was the best. (2) For the quality of fruit, spraying calcium could increase the calcium content and fruit firmness of pear fruit. Compared to the control, soluble solids content, ratio of sugar to acid and vitamin C content of ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear fruit under treatment of calcium amino acid and calcium nitrate solutions were enhanced by 11.6% and 6.2%, 49.9% and 32.1%, 25.7% and 11.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, the activities of polygalacturonase (PG), cellulose (CX) and β-galactosidase (β-Gal) under different calcium treatments were decreased. Calcium treatment could improve the fruit quality, and the effects of amino acid calcium treatment were better than those of calcium nitrate. Therefore, spraying calcium (especially calcium amino acid) on ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear trees in young fruit period were the important measures to increase calcium nutrient, as well as improve the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality, which can be applied and promoted in production.

Key words: calcium; ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear; photosynthetic characteristics; quality